KVM虚拟机克隆快照总结
克隆方案
# virsh-clone
＃ virt-clone --connect qemu:///system --original test2 --name testclone --file /var/lib/libvirt/images/newdemo.img --file /var/lib/libvirt/images/newdata.img
virt-clone --connect qemu:///system -o test2 --n testclone -f /fine1fs/virtual/vm/node25/testclone
/fine1fs/virtual/vm/node25/34c0ac46-8052-11e9-a322-fcaa14a3eb62
## 连接克隆
# os_disk img_type == file
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b /fine1fs/virtual/vm/node25/34c0ac46-8052-11e9-a322-fcaa14a3eb62/34c0ac46-8052-11e9-a322-fcaa14a3eb62_os.qcow2 /fine1fs/virtual/vm/node25/teset12/test12.qcow2
virsh dumpxml test2 > /fine1fs/virtual/vm/node25/teset12/test12.xml
vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/test12.xml #修改name、UUID
virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/test12.xml
# os_disk img_type == rbd
# rbd 使用快照
#创建一个快照
rbd snap create -p rbd_pool/foo@foo_snap
#查看快照
rbd snap list -p rbd_pool foo #注意是foo不是foo_snap
#在克隆之前，确保快照处于protected状态
rbd snap protect rbd_pool/foo@foo_image
# 克隆
rbd clone test_for_s3/node25_a55f772e-86a7-11e9-b731-fcaa14a3eb62_os@20190610152225.snap test_for_s3/node25_e3e0926c-8b52-11e9-abe3-fcaa14a3eb62_os
#创建一个新的pool1:
ceph osd pool create pool1 8 8
#克隆到pool1：
rbd clone rbd_pool/foo@foo_snap pool1/newfoo
#查看快照的children:
rbd children rbd_pool/foo@foo_snap
#pool1/newfoo
#扁平化可以断开父子间的依赖关系：
rbd flatten pool1/newfoo
虚拟机克隆
#
rbd ls test_for_s3
# 创建快照
rbd snap create test_for_s3/node25_8c8c9228-8c0f-11e9-bc32-fcaa14a3eb62_os@20190610152226.snap
# 保护快照
rbd snap protect test_for_s3/node25_a55f772e-86a7-11e9-b731-fcaa14a3eb62_os@20190610152226.snap
# 克隆
rbd clonetest_for_s3/node25_8c8c9228-8c0f-11e9-bc32-fcaa14a3eb62_os@20190610152226.snap test_for_s3/node25_3be0e280-8c1d-11e9-8eaa-fcaa14a3eb62_os 2>&1 | tee e
rbd clone rbd clone %s/%s@%s %s/%s 2>&1 |tee %s %s
#查看快照的children:
rbd children rbd_pool/foo@foo_snap
#pool1/newfoo
#扁平化可以断开父子间的依赖关系：
rbd flatten test_for_s3/node25_34c0ac46-8052-11e9-a322-fcaa14a3eb62_os
# 取消保护
rbd snap unprotect test_for_s3/node25_a55f772e-86a7-11e9-b731-fcaa14a3eb62_os@20190610152226.snap
# 删除快照
rbd snap rm test_for_s3/node25_a55f772e-86a7-11e9-b731-fcaa14a3eb62_os@20190610152226.snap
虚拟机快照
创建虚拟机快照
kvm 环境 qcow2 支持快照
# 确认镜像格式
qemu-img info test.qcow2
# 创建虚拟机快照
qemu-img snapshot -c snapshot01 test.qcow2
# 列出某个镜像的所有快照
qemu-img snapshot -l test.qcow2
# 使用快照
qemu-img snapshot -a snapshot01 test.qcow2
# 删除快照
qemu-img snapshot -d snapshot01 test.qcow2 创建外部快照
# 取最后一个快照
last_snap_name = dom.snapshotListNames()
# 路径获取
import os
a = "/fine1fs/virtual/vm/node25/c998baae-9199-11e9-891b-fcaa14a3eb62/c998baae-9199-11e9-891b-fcaa14a3eb62_os.snapshot2"
print(os.path.splitext(a)[0])
if dom.isActive():
dom.managedSave()
snap = dom.snapshotCreateXML(snapxml,flags=148)磁盘快照和内存+磁盘快照
#!/bin/bash
DOMAIN="test"
TIMESTAMP=`date +%s`
SNAPSHOT_NAME=$TIMESTAMP
VM_FOLDER="/path/to/vms"
SNAPSHOT_FOLDER="`echo $VM_FOLDER`/`echo $DOMAIN`/snapshots/`echo $TIMESTAMP`"
mkdir -p $SNAPSHOT_FOLDER
MEM_FILE="`echo $SNAPSHOT_FOLDER`/mem.qcow2"
DISK_FILE="`echo $SNAPSHOT_FOLDER`/disk.qcow2"
# Find out if running or not
STATE=`virsh dominfo $DOMAIN | grep "State" | cut -d " " -f 11`
if [ "$STATE" = "running" ]; then
virsh snapshot-create-as \
--domain $DOMAIN $SNAPSHOT_NAME \
--diskspec vda,file=$DISK_FILE,snapshot=external \
--memspec file=$MEM_FILE,snapshot=external \
--atomic
else
virsh snapshot-create-as \
--domain $DOMAIN $SNAPSHOT_NAME \
--diskspec vda,file=$DISK_FILE,snapshot=external \
--disk-only \
--atomic
fi
virsh snapshot-create-as --domain snaptest snapshot1 --diskspec file="/fine1fs/virtual/vm/node25/14e9948e-9199-11e9-8eb8-fcaa14a3eb62/14e9948e-9199-11e9-8eb8-fcaa14a3eb62_os.snapshot1",snapshot=external --memspec file="/fine1fs/virtual/vm/node25/14e9948e-9199-11e9-8eb8-fcaa14a3eb62/14e9948e-9199-11e9-8eb8-fcaa14a3eb62_os.memory",snapshot=external --atomic虚拟机快照测试
# 虚拟机 running
if dom.isActive():
ret = dom.save(path)
dom.restore(path)
#ret = dom.snapshotCreateXML(memansp,flags=384)修改要求
1.虚拟机支持快照
(1)已创建快照虚拟机不允许导出、克隆、迁移操作
(2)磁盘快照使用外部快照，创建快照需要暂停虚拟机(是否需要手动暂停)或关闭虚拟机,支持raw和qcow2格式
(3)只有虚拟机运行的时候，才允许创建内存快照
2.其他
virsh start x 启动名字为x的非活动虚拟机
virsh create x.xml 创建虚拟机（创建后，虚拟机立即执行，成为活动主机）
virsh suspend x 暂停虚拟机
virsh resume x 启动暂停的虚拟机
virsh shutdown x 正常关闭虚拟机
virsh destroy x 强制关闭虚拟机
virsh dominfo x 显示虚拟机的基本信息
virsh domname 2 显示id号为2的虚拟机名
virsh domid x 显示虚拟机id号
virsh domuuid x 显示虚拟机的uuid
virsh domstate x 显示虚拟机的当前状态
virsh blockcommit --domain snap –path --base /fine1fs/virtual/vm/node14/bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c/bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c_os.snapshot03 --top /fine1fs/virtual/vm/node14/bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c/bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c_os.snapshot04
virsh blockcommit --domain snap hda --base /fine1fs/virtual/vm/node14/bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c/bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c_os.snapshot01 --top /fine1fs/virtual/vm/node14/bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c/bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c_os.snapshot04 --wait --verbose
qemu-img rebase -u -b bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c_os.snapshot02 bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c_os.snapshot04查看快照关系链
qemu-img info --backing-chain bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c_os.snapshot05
合并快照
qemu-img rebase -u -b bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c_os.snapshot02 bab1f794-93d3-11e9-8c04-0cc47a6b577c_os.snapshot04